Hdd

When it looks like your / partition can’t be mounted, it could be due to a corruption or a failing hard drive. Boot from a UNIX live CD or live USB and see if you can even mount the main root partition on your hard drive. If you can unmount it. (More below.) Now install GSmartControl on the live CD/live USB. Start up GSmartControl after install and look at the S.M.A.R.T. attributes of your hard drive. Anything highlighted in pink? If so - what? ...

You’ll need to boot from a live cd. Add partitions for them to disk 1, copy all the contents over (with rsync, see rsync clone partition), and then use sudo blkid to get the UUID of each partition. On disk 1’s new /, edit the /etc/fstab to use the new UUIDs you just looked up. Updating GRUB depends on whether it’s GRUB1 or GRUB2. If GRUB1, you need to edit /boot/grub/device.map ...